New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) offer significant opportunities for the genetic improvement of plants of agricultural interest – such as the grapevine – by increasing tolerance to parasites and diseases and improving qualitative and nutritional traits, thereby directly contributing to the economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. NGTs are necessary for viticulture as they can also be used to improve traditional cultivars. While the development of new varieties is advancing in laboratories and several field trials are underway, the scientific community and the production chain must discuss international harmonised approaches to standardise cultivation, marketing, and aspects of intellectual property related to NGTs and derived varieties.
In 2015, the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) published essential guidance based on OIV activities related to biotechnology in vitiviniculture (OIV, 2015). The study provided foundational information for Member States, international standardisation bodies, and other stakeholders, drawing on the application of modern biotechnology in the vitivinicultural sector and considering its potential impact. The primary purpose of the guide, however, was to provide a factual basis for possible discussion.
In the years that followed – characterised by rapidly evolving scientific and regulatory contexts – the Experts of the OIV continued a fruitful debate, which is presented in this collective expertise document.
It aims to:
a) study the development of New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) – previously known as New Breeding Technologies – and their synergy with other current breeding and selection approaches;
b) study the potential of developing (propagating/ multiplying) plant material using NGTs;
c) establish general principles that allow the study, evaluation and dissemination of NGTs in a sustainable vitivinicultural sector model, uniting all voluntary stakeholders of the public and private sectors (national governments, local and regional governments, companies, trade organisations, NGOs, research facilities, etc.).
The advent of genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 has opened new possibilities for precise and efficient breeding, allowing for the enhancement of desired traits such as disease resistance, fruit quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. The synergy between NGTs and traditional breeding methods is another focal point. NGTs offer precision, complementing the more gradual process of conventional breeding. This combination could lead to the creation of grapevine varieties that are not only high-yielding and disease-resistant but also adapted to various climatic conditions and consumer preferences. The regulatory landscape of NGTs across different continents highlights the varying approaches and challenges of integrating these technologies into existing legal frameworks. The legislation surrounding NGTs is critical in shaping their development and application, influencing everything from research and innovation to market access and public perception. The social, economic and environmental aspects discussed above underscore the multifaceted impact of NGTs. While these technologies promise significant advancements in productivity and sustainability, they also raise concerns about biodiversity, ethical considerations, and public acceptance. Balancing these factors is crucial for the responsible development and use of NGTs in viticulture. NGTs represent a significant leap forward in viticulture, offering novel solutions to longstanding challenges. However, their successful implementation requires a careful and balanced approach. This involves integrating NGTs with traditional breeding methods, navigating complex regulatory landscapes, addressing ethical and societal concerns, and considering the environmental impact. As the sector continues to evolve, ongoing research, stakeholder collaboration, and informed public dialogue will be key to harnessing the full potential of NGTs in viticulture. The future of viticulture – influenced by these technologies – seems promising, but it requires careful stewardship to ensure that benefits are maximised while risks and concerns are adequately addressed.
This document, drafted and developed on the initiative of the OIV, is a collective expert report. OIV collective expertise documents are not submitted to the Step Procedure for Examining Resolutions and can under no circumstances be treated as OIV resolutions. Only resolutions adopted by the Member States of the OIV have an official character.
The full report can be downloaded here
For further information from the OIV’s Press & Communication Department
Email: press@oiv.int
